Raloxifene: its ossification-promoting effect on female mesenchymal stem cells

Raloxifene acts like estrogen in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, but it selectively activates biological responses in bone tissue. It has a direct effect on osteoblasts’ differentiation and bone formation in bone marrow culture. However, the point at which raloxifene has an effect on b...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2009-09, Vol.14 (5), p.640-645
Hauptverfasser: Matsumori, Hiroaki, Hattori, Koji, Ohgushi, Hajime, Dohi, Yoshiko, Ueda, Yurito, Shigematsu, Hideki, Satoh, Nobuhisa, Yajima, Hiroshi, Takakura, Yoshinori
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container_title Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
container_volume 14
creator Matsumori, Hiroaki
Hattori, Koji
Ohgushi, Hajime
Dohi, Yoshiko
Ueda, Yurito
Shigematsu, Hideki
Satoh, Nobuhisa
Yajima, Hiroshi
Takakura, Yoshinori
description Raloxifene acts like estrogen in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, but it selectively activates biological responses in bone tissue. It has a direct effect on osteoblasts’ differentiation and bone formation in bone marrow culture. However, the point at which raloxifene has an effect on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), regardless of sex difference, is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the osteogenic effect of raloxifene on MSCs derived from female and male rats and to assess the sex difference of raloxifene with or without osteogenic supplements (OSs) in the regulation of bone formation. Female and male rat bone marrow cells were cultured with or without OSs. In each experimental group, 106 M or 10-8 M raloxifene was added. As a control, cells were cultured without raloxifene. Histologically, mineralization was assessed by alizarin red S staining. Biochemically, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and osteocalcin content were assessed. On histological analysis, mineralized nodules were seen on alizarin red S staining in the groups treated with OS. On the biochemical analysis, OS increased ALP activity, calcium content, and osteocalcin content. Among female groups with OSs, 10-6 M raloxifene significantly increased ALP activity, calcium content, and osteocalcin content compared with the controls. Among male groups, raloxifene had negligible effects. 10-6 M Raloxifene had no ossification-inducing effect on female MSCs, but it had an ossification-promoting effect; it had no osteogenic effect on male MSCs. Therefore, raloxifene has a sex difference with regard to its osteogenic effect on MSCs. Moreover, combined treatment with raloxifene plus OS has an effect on female MSCs. These results provide a useful insight into the possible influence of raloxifene after MSC transplantation in clinical practice.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00776-009-1357-4
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subjects Animals
Bone Marrow Cells
Calcification, Physiologic - drug effects
Cell Differentiation - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Female
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects
Original Article
Orthopedics
Raloxifene Hydrochloride - pharmacology
Rats
Rheumatology
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators - pharmacology
Sex Factors
title Raloxifene: its ossification-promoting effect on female mesenchymal stem cells
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