Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models
The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensem...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Oceans 2017-04, Vol.122 (4), p.3123-3140 |
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container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Oceans |
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creator | Fathrio, Ibnu Iizuka, Satoshi Manda, Atsuyoshi Kodama, Yasu‐Masa Ishida, Sachinobu Moteki, Qoosaku Yamada, Hiroyuki Tachibana, Yoshihiro |
description | The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensemble‐mean SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean are warmer than the observations during the summer monsoon season. However, about half the models show positive SST biases, whereas negative ones in the other half. The models with warmer SST biases exhibit a pattern similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, with stronger equatorial easterly wind biases during fall and a deeper thermocline in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In the models with cooler SST biases, negative SST biases are observed over the entire tropical Indian Ocean throughout the year and the wind biases over the equatorial Indian Ocean are southeasterly during summer and fall. Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season.
Key Points
This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models
About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half
Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2016JC012443 |
format | Article |
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Key Points
This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models
About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half
Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9275</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012443</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atmospheric precipitations ; Autumn ; Climate models ; CMIP5 ; Coastal currents ; Current measurement ; Easterlies ; Easterly waves ; Geophysics ; Heat budget ; heat budget analysis ; Meteorology ; Monsoon winds ; Monsoons ; Ocean currents ; Ocean models ; Ocean temperature ; Oceans ; Precipitation ; Sea surface temperature ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; SST bias ; Summer ; Summer monsoon ; Surface cooling ; Surface temperature ; Thermocline ; Westerlies ; western equatorial Indian Ocean ; Wind ; Winds ; Winter monsoon</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans, 2017-04, Vol.122 (4), p.3123-3140</ispartof><rights>2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3975-70d4d4060aeb52a78fac514721a113f04cdc303f218245209b848f99599f17d13</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-5592-3959 ; 0000-0002-9412-472X ; 0000-0003-0020-7397 ; 0000-0001-9934-2980 ; 0000-0002-6779-4939</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2016JC012443$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2016JC012443$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,1434,27926,27927,45576,45577,46411,46835</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fathrio, Ibnu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iizuka, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manda, Atsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kodama, Yasu‐Masa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishida, Sachinobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moteki, Qoosaku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tachibana, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans</title><description>The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensemble‐mean SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean are warmer than the observations during the summer monsoon season. However, about half the models show positive SST biases, whereas negative ones in the other half. The models with warmer SST biases exhibit a pattern similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, with stronger equatorial easterly wind biases during fall and a deeper thermocline in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In the models with cooler SST biases, negative SST biases are observed over the entire tropical Indian Ocean throughout the year and the wind biases over the equatorial Indian Ocean are southeasterly during summer and fall. Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season.
Key Points
This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models
About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half
Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO</description><subject>Atmospheric precipitations</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>CMIP5</subject><subject>Coastal currents</subject><subject>Current measurement</subject><subject>Easterlies</subject><subject>Easterly waves</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Heat budget</subject><subject>heat budget analysis</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Monsoon winds</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Ocean currents</subject><subject>Ocean models</subject><subject>Ocean temperature</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Sea surface temperature</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>SST bias</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Summer monsoon</subject><subject>Surface cooling</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Thermocline</subject><subject>Westerlies</subject><subject>western equatorial Indian Ocean</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Winds</subject><subject>Winter monsoon</subject><issn>2169-9275</issn><issn>2169-9291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNkM1Lw0AQxRdRsNTe_AMCnqMz-5Fk8FSC1pZKxdbzssnuQko-aral9L83pSK-w8wcfrx5PMbuER4RgD9xwGSRA3IpxRUbcUwoJk54_Xen6pZNQtjCoAwzKWnEnqchuBAa1-6jzkdHF_aub6N5ayvTRqvSDXO93kRFZcIZyN_nHypqOuvqcMduvKmDm_zuMft6fdnkb_FyNZvn02VsBKUqTsFKKyEB4wrFTZp5UyqUKUeDKDzI0pYChOeYcak4UJHJzBMpIo-pRTFmDxffXd99H4aEetsd-nZ4qZGAC5ISaaDEhTpWtTvpXV81pj9pBH2uR_-vRy9mnzkfpMQPRl1VOg</recordid><startdate>201704</startdate><enddate>201704</enddate><creator>Fathrio, Ibnu</creator><creator>Iizuka, Satoshi</creator><creator>Manda, Atsuyoshi</creator><creator>Kodama, Yasu‐Masa</creator><creator>Ishida, Sachinobu</creator><creator>Moteki, Qoosaku</creator><creator>Yamada, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Tachibana, Yoshihiro</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-3959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-472X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-7397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-2980</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-4939</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201704</creationdate><title>Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models</title><author>Fathrio, Ibnu ; Iizuka, Satoshi ; Manda, Atsuyoshi ; Kodama, Yasu‐Masa ; Ishida, Sachinobu ; Moteki, Qoosaku ; Yamada, Hiroyuki ; Tachibana, Yoshihiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3975-70d4d4060aeb52a78fac514721a113f04cdc303f218245209b848f99599f17d13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric precipitations</topic><topic>Autumn</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>CMIP5</topic><topic>Coastal currents</topic><topic>Current measurement</topic><topic>Easterlies</topic><topic>Easterly waves</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Heat budget</topic><topic>heat budget analysis</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Monsoon winds</topic><topic>Monsoons</topic><topic>Ocean currents</topic><topic>Ocean models</topic><topic>Ocean temperature</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Sea surface temperature</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>SST bias</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Summer monsoon</topic><topic>Surface cooling</topic><topic>Surface temperature</topic><topic>Thermocline</topic><topic>Westerlies</topic><topic>western equatorial Indian Ocean</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Winds</topic><topic>Winter monsoon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fathrio, Ibnu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iizuka, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manda, Atsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kodama, Yasu‐Masa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishida, Sachinobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moteki, Qoosaku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tachibana, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fathrio, Ibnu</au><au>Iizuka, Satoshi</au><au>Manda, Atsuyoshi</au><au>Kodama, Yasu‐Masa</au><au>Ishida, Sachinobu</au><au>Moteki, Qoosaku</au><au>Yamada, Hiroyuki</au><au>Tachibana, Yoshihiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans</jtitle><date>2017-04</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>122</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>3123</spage><epage>3140</epage><pages>3123-3140</pages><issn>2169-9275</issn><eissn>2169-9291</eissn><abstract>The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensemble‐mean SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean are warmer than the observations during the summer monsoon season. However, about half the models show positive SST biases, whereas negative ones in the other half. The models with warmer SST biases exhibit a pattern similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, with stronger equatorial easterly wind biases during fall and a deeper thermocline in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In the models with cooler SST biases, negative SST biases are observed over the entire tropical Indian Ocean throughout the year and the wind biases over the equatorial Indian Ocean are southeasterly during summer and fall. Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season.
Key Points
This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models
About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half
Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2016JC012443</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-3959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-472X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-7397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-2980</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-4939</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Atmospheric precipitations Autumn Climate models CMIP5 Coastal currents Current measurement Easterlies Easterly waves Geophysics Heat budget heat budget analysis Meteorology Monsoon winds Monsoons Ocean currents Ocean models Ocean temperature Oceans Precipitation Sea surface temperature Seasonal variations Seasons SST bias Summer Summer monsoon Surface cooling Surface temperature Thermocline Westerlies western equatorial Indian Ocean Wind Winds Winter monsoon |
title | Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models |
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