Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models

The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensem...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of geophysical research. Oceans 2017-04, Vol.122 (4), p.3123-3140
Hauptverfasser: Fathrio, Ibnu, Iizuka, Satoshi, Manda, Atsuyoshi, Kodama, Yasu‐Masa, Ishida, Sachinobu, Moteki, Qoosaku, Yamada, Hiroyuki, Tachibana, Yoshihiro
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container_issue 4
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container_title Journal of geophysical research. Oceans
container_volume 122
creator Fathrio, Ibnu
Iizuka, Satoshi
Manda, Atsuyoshi
Kodama, Yasu‐Masa
Ishida, Sachinobu
Moteki, Qoosaku
Yamada, Hiroyuki
Tachibana, Yoshihiro
description The western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) is among the key factors that affect precipitation over India and East Africa. This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensemble‐mean SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean are warmer than the observations during the summer monsoon season. However, about half the models show positive SST biases, whereas negative ones in the other half. The models with warmer SST biases exhibit a pattern similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, with stronger equatorial easterly wind biases during fall and a deeper thermocline in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In the models with cooler SST biases, negative SST biases are observed over the entire tropical Indian Ocean throughout the year and the wind biases over the equatorial Indian Ocean are southeasterly during summer and fall. Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season. Key Points This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO
doi_str_mv 10.1002/2016JC012443
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This study examined the western Indian Ocean SST biases among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It was found that the multimodel ensemble‐mean SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean are warmer than the observations during the summer monsoon season. However, about half the models show positive SST biases, whereas negative ones in the other half. The models with warmer SST biases exhibit a pattern similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, with stronger equatorial easterly wind biases during fall and a deeper thermocline in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In the models with cooler SST biases, negative SST biases are observed over the entire tropical Indian Ocean throughout the year and the wind biases over the equatorial Indian Ocean are southeasterly during summer and fall. Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season. Key Points This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9275</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012443</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atmospheric precipitations ; Autumn ; Climate models ; CMIP5 ; Coastal currents ; Current measurement ; Easterlies ; Easterly waves ; Geophysics ; Heat budget ; heat budget analysis ; Meteorology ; Monsoon winds ; Monsoons ; Ocean currents ; Ocean models ; Ocean temperature ; Oceans ; Precipitation ; Sea surface temperature ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; SST bias ; Summer ; Summer monsoon ; Surface cooling ; Surface temperature ; Thermocline ; Westerlies ; western equatorial Indian Ocean ; Wind ; Winds ; Winter monsoon</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. 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Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in forming the early summer development of SST biases over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season. Key Points This study examined the western Indian Ocean (IO) SST biases among CMIP5 models About half the models show positive SST biases over the western equatorial IO during summer whereas negative ones in the other half Heat budget analysis revealed the importance of ocean currents in the development of SST biases over western equatorial IO</description><subject>Atmospheric precipitations</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>CMIP5</subject><subject>Coastal currents</subject><subject>Current measurement</subject><subject>Easterlies</subject><subject>Easterly waves</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Heat budget</subject><subject>heat budget analysis</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Monsoon winds</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Ocean currents</subject><subject>Ocean models</subject><subject>Ocean temperature</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Sea surface temperature</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>SST bias</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Summer monsoon</subject><subject>Surface cooling</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Thermocline</subject><subject>Westerlies</subject><subject>western equatorial Indian Ocean</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Winds</subject><subject>Winter monsoon</subject><issn>2169-9275</issn><issn>2169-9291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNkM1Lw0AQxRdRsNTe_AMCnqMz-5Fk8FSC1pZKxdbzssnuQko-aral9L83pSK-w8wcfrx5PMbuER4RgD9xwGSRA3IpxRUbcUwoJk54_Xen6pZNQtjCoAwzKWnEnqchuBAa1-6jzkdHF_aub6N5ayvTRqvSDXO93kRFZcIZyN_nHypqOuvqcMduvKmDm_zuMft6fdnkb_FyNZvn02VsBKUqTsFKKyEB4wrFTZp5UyqUKUeDKDzI0pYChOeYcak4UJHJzBMpIo-pRTFmDxffXd99H4aEetsd-nZ4qZGAC5ISaaDEhTpWtTvpXV81pj9pBH2uR_-vRy9mnzkfpMQPRl1VOg</recordid><startdate>201704</startdate><enddate>201704</enddate><creator>Fathrio, Ibnu</creator><creator>Iizuka, Satoshi</creator><creator>Manda, Atsuyoshi</creator><creator>Kodama, Yasu‐Masa</creator><creator>Ishida, Sachinobu</creator><creator>Moteki, Qoosaku</creator><creator>Yamada, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Tachibana, Yoshihiro</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-3959</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-472X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-7397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-2980</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-4939</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201704</creationdate><title>Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models</title><author>Fathrio, Ibnu ; 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The formation of SST biases is related to surface current biases induced by the weaker biases of southwesterly monsoon winds and SST biases over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean, which are advected by the East African Coastal Currents. On the other hand, almost of all the CMIP5 models show prominent cold SST biases over the northern Arabian Sea during the premonsoon season. The SST biases are induced by excess surface cooling during the winter monsoon season. 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source Wiley-Blackwell Journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection); Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Atmospheric precipitations
Autumn
Climate models
CMIP5
Coastal currents
Current measurement
Easterlies
Easterly waves
Geophysics
Heat budget
heat budget analysis
Meteorology
Monsoon winds
Monsoons
Ocean currents
Ocean models
Ocean temperature
Oceans
Precipitation
Sea surface temperature
Seasonal variations
Seasons
SST bias
Summer
Summer monsoon
Surface cooling
Surface temperature
Thermocline
Westerlies
western equatorial Indian Ocean
Wind
Winds
Winter monsoon
title Assessment of western Indian Ocean SST bias of CMIP5 models
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