The Array of Long Baseline Antennas for Taking Radio Observations from the Sub-Antarctic

Measurements of redshifted 21 cm emission of neutral hydrogen at ≲ 3 0 MHz have the potential to probe the cosmic “dark ages,” a period of the universe’s history that remains unobserved to date. Observations at these frequencies are exceptionally challenging because of bright Galactic foregrounds, ionospheric contamination, and terrestrial radio-frequency interference. Very few sky maps exist at ≲ 3 0 MHz, and most have modest resolution. We introduce the Array of Long Baseline Antennas for Taking Radio Observations from the Sub-Antarctic (ALBATROS), a new experiment that aims to image low-frequency Galactic emission with an order-of-magnitude improvement in resolution over existing data. The ALBATROS array will consist of antenna stations that operate autonomously, each recording baseband data that will be interferometrically combined offline. The array will be installed on Marion Island and will ultimately comprise 10 stations, with an operating frequency range of 1.2–125 MHz and maximum baseline lengths of ∼ 2 0 km. We present the ALBATROS instrument design and discuss pathfinder observations that were taken from Marion Island during 2018–2019.