The Cost of Fire

In a five-month period, man-made fire cost Indonesia $16.1 billion or 2 percent of GDP in 2015. An estimated 2.6 million hectares – an area four times the size of Bali – burned. While the 2015 fires were some of the worst in recent years (in part as a result of el Nino), they are by no means a singu...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Glauber, Ann Jeannette, Moyer, Sarah, Adriani, Magda, Gunawan, Iwan
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	AEROSOLS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ARCHIPELAGO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY BENEFITS BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIOMASS BURNING BURNING BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO CAPACITY CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSION CARBON SINK CARBON STOCK CARBON STORAGE CHEMISTRY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COLORS CONSERVATION CONSERVATION MEASURES CONSERVATION VALUE DEFORESTATION DROUGHT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEMS EMISSION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS ESTIMATES EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER EXPOSURE EXTERNALITIES FAUNA FIRE EMISSIONS FIRE PREVENTION FIRE SUPPRESSION FLORA FOOD CROPS FOOD SECURITY FOREST FOREST FIRES FOREST LANDS FORESTRY FORESTRY RESEARCH FORESTS FUEL GAS GENETIC GHG GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS HABITATS INCENTIVES INCOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH LAND LAND USES LEAD LESS MORATORIUM NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE IMPACTS OIL OIL CONFERENCE OIL EXPORTS OIL INDUSTRY OIL PALM OIL PALM PLANTATIONS OIL PALM PRODUCTION OIL PRODUCERS OIL PRODUCTION OZONE PALM PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSICS PLANT PLANT GROWTH PLANT SPECIES POLITICAL ECONOMY POLLINATORS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCERS PROFITS RAINFALL RESOURCES REVENUE REVENUES SAVANNA SINK SPECIES SWAMP SWAMP FOREST TAX REVENUE TIMBER TOURISM TRADE TRANSPORT COSTS TREE USE OF FIRE VALUES VISIBILITY WAGES
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Zusammenfassung:	In a five-month period, man-made fire cost Indonesia $16.1 billion or 2 percent of GDP in 2015. An estimated 2.6 million hectares – an area four times the size of Bali – burned. While the 2015 fires were some of the worst in recent years (in part as a result of el Nino), they are by no means a singular event. Wide-scale fire crises occur annually in Indonesia. Indonesia’s fire story is not just one of loss and damage; fires contribute to significant economic upside for a diverse, if concentrated, group of actors. However, the majority of Indonesians suffer as a result of the economic and physical damage. This document provides a loss and damage analysis of the 2015 fires and explores not just economic costs, but environmental costs as well. It also looks at the important role that fire plays in commodity crops, particularly oil palm, and the actors who benefit.