The Impact of Expanding Access to Early Childhood Services in Rural Indonesia

This paper uses three waves of longitudinal data to examine the impact of expanding access to preschool services in rural areas of Indonesia on two cohorts of children. One cohort was children aged 4 at the start of the project and was immediately eligible for project-provided services when they beg...

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Hauptverfasser:	Brinkman, Sally Anne, Hasan, Amer, Jung, Haeil, Kinnell, Angela, Pradhan, Menno
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	ABILITY ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ACTIVITIES AGE AGED BIAS CARE CENTERS CAREGIVERS CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHILDHOOD CHILDHOOD CARE CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CHILDREN CLASSROOM CLASSROOM SETTING COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES COGNITIVE SKILLS COMMUNICATION COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY COMMUNITY SERVICES COMPETENCE DAY CARE DESCRIPTION DESIGN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY DISTRICTS EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONS EARLY INTERVENTION EARLY INTERVENTIONS EDUCATION EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EFFORT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATES EPIDEMIOLOGY EQUALITY EXPERIENCE FAMILIES FAMILY PLANNING FEES GENDER GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES GROUPS HEALTH HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HYPERACTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS INFANTS INTERACTIONS INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS INTERVIEW INVESTMENT KINDERGARTEN KINDERGARTENS KNOWLEDGE LANGUAGE LEARNING LEARNING ACTIVITIES MEASUREMENT MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS NEIGHBORHOODS NET ENROLLMENT NUTRITION OBESITY PARENTING PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION RATES PARTNERSHIPS PEDIATRICS PEOPLE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRESCHOOLERS PRIMARY CAREGIVERS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PARTICIPATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROJECT PROJECTS PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SAFETY READING REASONING RETURN TO EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION RISK FACTORS RISKS RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES SAFETY SCHOOL READINESS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCIENCE SERVICE SERVICES SKILLS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIAL SCIENCE STRATEGY STUDY TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEACHING TRAINING UNDERSTANDING VALUES VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGES WAGES WEIGHT WOMEN WORK EXPERIENCE
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	This paper uses three waves of longitudinal data to examine the impact of expanding access to preschool services in rural areas of Indonesia on two cohorts of children. One cohort was children aged 4 at the start of the project and was immediately eligible for project-provided services when they began operation in 2009. The other cohort was children aged 1 at the start of the project and became eligible for project-provided services two years later. The paper presents intent-to-treat estimates of impact in the short term (first year of the project) and medium term (three years after the project started), using experimental and quasi-experimental methods. For the cohort of 4-year-olds, while the magnitude of the enrollment impact is similar across children from different backgrounds, the impact on child outcomes is larger for children from more disadvantaged backgrounds in the short and medium terms. However, for this cohort of children, it seems that project-provided playgroups encouraged substitution away from existing kindergartens, suggesting that future interventions should incorporate such possibilities into their design. For the average child in the younger cohort, the project led to improvements in physical health and well-being as well as language and cognitive development. For this cohort, there is little evidence of differential impact. This can be explained by the fact that children who enrolled soon after the centers opened (the older cohort) were generally poorer, compared with children who enrolled later (the younger cohort). This may be because of fee increases in project centers as project funding ended.