Small-Scale Industry, Environmental Regulation, and Poverty : The Case of Brazil

Governments and international development agencies have intensified efforts to promote small-scale enterprises as an engine of pro-poor growth. In Brazil, however, small scale industries may also be responsible for the bulk of air pollution emissions. Although employees of polluting small-scale indu...

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Veröffentlicht in:	World Bank Economic Review 2004-09
Hauptverfasser:	Jayaraman, Rajshri, Lanjouw, Peter F
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES COMMON PROPERTY CONSTRUCTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES DEFORESTATION DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DOUBLE DIVIDEND ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFECTIVE STRATEGY EMISSIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTS EQUILIBRIUM FISHING FOOD BASKET FOOD ITEMS FORESTRY HEALTH PROBLEMS HIGH LEVELS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT ON POVERTY INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INDUSTRIAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT INPUT PRICES INVESTMENT CLIMATE IRON LABOR MARKETS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION NITROGEN OXIDES OVERGRAZING PARTICULATE MATTER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLLUTERS POLLUTION COEFFICIENTS POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION REGULATION POOR POOR PEOPLE POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY RATES PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION PROCESS REDUCING EMISSIONS RURAL RURAL AREAS SHADOW PRICES SMALL BUSINESS SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL FIRMS SMALL-SCALE SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES SULFUR DIOXIDE TARGETING TRADEOFFS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS WAGES WATER POLLUTION
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Zusammenfassung:	Governments and international development agencies have intensified efforts to promote small-scale enterprises as an engine of pro-poor growth. In Brazil, however, small scale industries may also be responsible for the bulk of air pollution emissions. Although employees of polluting small-scale industries in Brazil are not disproportionately poor, simulations suggest that stringent environmental regulation resulting in widespread closures of pollution-intensive small-scale industries would result in a non-negligible increase in poverty among employees of these firms. The results suggest that the enthusiasm for small-scale enterprises needs to be tempered by awareness of the potential environmental costs imposed by this sector.