Broadband and compact rectangular waveguide twist by using rigid waveguide

A broadband and compact rectangular waveguide twist are presented and verified. Adopting an axially rotating 45° ridge waveguide, the rectangular waveguide twist provides a very compact interconnection of two rectangular waveguides with different on-axis angle rotation. Compared to conventional waveguide twist, the superiority of the proposed waveguide twist is the easiness for manufacturing and the overall dimension is compact, the thickness is only 0.25 times the waveguide wavelength of the TE10 mode. For verification purpose, a Ka-band 90° waveguide twist has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Measurement results show that the return loss is