Low-cost fixed-width squarer by using probability-compensated circuit

A simple and uniform compensated bias for a fixed-width squarer is proposed. By employing the expected value of truncation parts, truncation errors can be efficiently alleviated. The proposed squarer derives a simple compensated bias and achieves a small area. The results show that the proposed squarer achieves low-cost, high-accuracy performance and yields higher values than previous designs do, particularly regarding the value of accuracy divided by the area–delay product.