Pareto optimal primary–secondary user dynamic spectrum leasing game

Dynamic spectrum leasing provides a room for better spectrum utilisation. Primary user (PU) temporary leases its unused spectrum in exchange for monetary profits and secondary users (SUs) opportunistically use the available spectrum. Recent works proposed a non-cooperative game to model PU–SU interaction, but the outcome is not Pareto efficient. The SUs’ utility is modified to indicate their opportunistic behaviour. In addition, the outcome of the non-cooperative game would be Pareto efficient. Simulation results verify that the proposed method outperforms the conventional one.