Laser Patterned Flexible 4T Perovskite‐Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Tandem Mini‐module with Over 18% Efficiency

Perovskite‐Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin‐film tandem technology provides an exciting prospect to achieve low‐cost high‐efficiency photovoltaic devices by high throughput roll‐to‐roll processing on flexible substrates. However, no report on flexible perovskite‐CIGS mini‐modules has been published due to scribing‐related challenges in realizing near‐infrared (NIR)‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules on flexible substrates. Herein, an NIR‐transparent flexible perovskite mini‐module with an efficiency of 10.8% and an NIR‐transparency of over 75% is reported. All‐laser scribed interconnection approach is used to realize monolithic interconnection of mini‐modules on thermally sensitive soft flexible substrate. An analytical method is utilized to optimize the mini‐module layout and achieve a geometric fill factor of over 93%. Further, as a proof of concept, a flexible perovskite‐CIGS tandem mini‐module with an efficiency of 18.4% on an aperture area of 2.03 cm2 is demonstrated. To conclude, pathways for improving the efficiency of flexible NIR‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules are discussed. Flexible near‐infrared (NIR)‐transparent perovskite mini‐module with an efficiency of 10.88% and a geometric fill factor (GFF) of over 93% is developed using an all laser‐based patterning approach. In combination with a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 flexible mini‐module, a proof‐of‐concept flexible 4 T tandem mini‐module with 18.4% efficiency is demonstrated.