Perioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome and neurodevelopmental outcome at two years of age

Objective To investigate whether perioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at two years. Methods Doppler parameters of three sonograms (day before, first day after and 1 week after laser surgery for TTTS) were assessed for correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome at two years (2008‐2016). NDI was defined as: cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, and/or a Bayley‐III cognitive/motor developmental test‐score > 2SD below the mean. Results Long‐term outcome was assessed in 492 TTTS survivors. NDI was present in 5% (24/492). After adjustment for severe cerebral injury (present in 4%), associated with NDI were: middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) >1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) 1 day after surgery (odds ratio [OR] 4.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐21.05, P = .03), a change from normal umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA‐PI) presurgery to UA‐PI >p95 postsurgery (OR 4.19; 95% CI: 1.04‐16.87, P = .04), a change from normal to MCA‐PSV >1.5MoM (OR 4.75; 95% CI: 1.43‐15.77, P = .01). Conclusion Perioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in TTTS pregnancies treated with laser are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Prospective research on the cerebrovascular response to altered hemodynamic conditions is necessary to further understand the cerebral autoregulatory capacity of the fetus in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome.