From Challenges to Solution: The Evolving Landscape of Leprosy Management

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, despite being a curable disease when treated can induce peripheral neuropathy. However, the medicines used in polychemotherapy promote several side effects. Thus, research for the development of new administration systems is an alternative, but there is a lack of preclinical and clinical studies of the systems, where 90.90% have a level of technological maturity 3 and 9.09% level 4. The main issues are associated with deficiencies in vitro and in vivo cultivation methodologies, lack of financing, as well as the disinterest of the pharmaceutical industry in investing in neglected tropical diseases. In addition, with the emergence of resistant bacteria, there is urgency in the search for vaccines and, therefore, in the expansion of immunomodulation studies to define the molecular targets of the vaccine and future medications. In addition, future treatments for various diseases, including leprosy, will be directly influenced by the evolution of additive manufacturing and 3D printing, seeking personalized, flexible, and reproducible treatment. This article examines the challenges and advancements in the management of leprosy, focusing on the limitations of current treatments and the potential of innovative drug delivery systems. It emphasizes the need for research in vaccine development and the promising role of additive manufacturing in creating personalized treatments. It highlights the necessity for increasing technological maturity to combat this neglected disease.