Nanomaterials Synthesis Methods

There are various widely known methods for producing nanomaterials: physical, chemical, and mechanical. There are also different definitions concerning manufacturing and synthesis of nanomaterials. Recently, several research groups have proposed the use of biological systems for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The biological methods of nanoparticles synthesis would assist to remove ruthless processing conditions, by allowing the synthesis at physiological pH, temperature, pressure, and at the same time, at negligible cost. The physical and chemical methods are extremely pricey. Chemical methods include chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial growth, colloidal dispersion, sol‐gel, hydrothermal route, microemulsions, polymer route, and other precipitation processes. Mechanical methods include mechanical grinding, high‐energy ball milling, mechanical alloying (MA), and reactive milling. The advantages of these techniques are that they are simple, require low‐cost equipment, and, provided that a coarse feedstock powder can be made, the powder can be processed.