Bose‐Einstein Condensates

This chapter focuses on the application of kinetic and hydrodynamic approaches to Bose–Einstein condensates. A Bose–Einstein condensate is a state of matter, formed of identical bosons, so that at a sufficiently low temperature, many of the particles making up the system occupy the lowest energy state. Bose–Einstein condensates also find technological and industrial applications, for example, in the production of atomic lasers. The chapter shows that there is a phenomenon analogous to plasma oscillations that takes place in condensates: Bogoliubov oscillations. It presents the kinetic representation of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The kinetic approach can be used to study the speed of sound in a Bose–Einstein condensate.