Impact on Groundwater Quality Resources Due to Industrial Effluent

Water has multiple applications in different industries like cleaning, heating/cooling, for steam generation, as a solvent, transporting dissolved substances, etc. Usually the abstraction of water by industry is very much greater than the amount actually consumed, which also degrades the quality of water. Since water is an important necessity of livelihood, it becomes necessary to evaluate the water quality of surface water and groundwater and the impact of industry effluent on groundwater. Industrial discharge not only deteriorates soil quality, crop, and environment but is also harmful for humans, flora, and fauna. Groundwater was considered the pure form of water, but rapid industrialization and urbanization and agricultural activities badly affect its quality. This study incorporates the different sources affecting the physicochemical properties of water (pH, hardness, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metal concentration, etc.), and their impacts on the environment and living bodies. Lastly, emphasis is also placed on major steps taken by government organisations and other regulating bodies to improve the water quality.