Trace Elements Analysis of Blood Samples and Serum Using Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence

This chapter considers the research results of trace elements analysis in blood and serum samples using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. As X‐ray spectrum evaluation and quantification of elemental concentrations in blood and serum are identical in technique to analysis of other types of samples, the blood and serum procedures are applicable to other biological samples. Total reflection‐XRF analysis is another high sensitivity technique used for elemental analysis of blood samples. As XRF analysis is simple and rapid, sample preparation should be kept simple considering the experimental design. The methods most often used in XRF analysis of blood samples are listed as follows: combustion, dissolution with acid, acid digestion, dried, pelleted, dilution with nitric acid/other reagents, and direct deposit into filter paper or onto sample holder. Measurements of the concentration levels of certain elements in blood samples can help to monitor health conditions in humans and animals in order to uncover the causes of various diseases.