Electrochemical Systems for Healthcare Applications

Early detection of diseases and monitoring the progress of treatment during therapy are important for patient health management. Currently available molecular diagnostic tools for theranosis require skilled personnel and expensive chemicals and are time‐consuming. Recent advancements in electrochemical sensors have enabled the development of miniaturized systems and devices for health monitoring. These devices have the potential to change the way healthcare is currently delivered. The electrochemical systems investigated for healthcare applications are classified into three major categories: (i) point‐of‐care (POC) sensor devices and portable systems, (ii) wearable biosensor systems, and (iii) implantable biosensor systems. These electrochemical systems, collectively or individually, provide new avenues for real‐time and continuous monitoring of health parameters and performance. For each electrochemical system, recent technological advances, measurement in human physiological samples, technical challenges, and strategies to move forward are also discussed.