Modelling of Power Components for Transients Studies

This chapter provides a short summary of the modelling guidelines suggested for representing power system components involved in the generation and delivery of electric energy. The selection of an adequate line model is crucial in most transient studies. The chapter provides an overview of transformer models and summarizes transformer modelling for analysis of low‐and high‐frequency transients. Two types of time‐domain models have been developed for overhead lines: lumped‐ and distributed‐parameter models. The chapter also introduces the main cable designs for high‐voltage applications, summarizes the bonding techniques used with high‐voltage cable designs, and discusses how to prepare input data of a cable whose design cannot be directly specified in the cable constants/cable parameters (CC/CP) routines. Alternative Transients Program has two supporting routines for the calculation of cable parameters known as CC and CP. The chapter presents the equations needed to model multi‐conductor lines.