Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are caused by a large and heterogeneous group of pathogens. This chapter focuses on infectious agents that are principally transmitted via sexual contact, although the general principles can be applied to the larger group of STIs. It reviews the evidence for the clinical and microbiologic diagnosis and syndromic management of these infections. Evidence related to the interaction between contraceptive choice and STI is also reviewed. The chapter focuses on empiric and targeted management of STI, including some issues related to management in pregnancy. Finally, evidence of effectiveness for population‐based STI prevention strategies is discussed. Vaccination is becoming an increasingly important component of prevention strategies for viral STI. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated behavioral interventions targeting groups perceived to be at increased risk of acquiring STI.