Solubility Behavior of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde in Different Pure Organic Solvents

The solubility of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) in 16 kinds of pure solvents [i.e., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol, acetone, 2-butanone, cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate] was measured using the gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 313.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of TMBA in all tested 16 pure solvents increases with the increase of temperature. The minimum solubility data are obtained in i-butanol at 278.15 K (0.004507 mol·mol–1), and the maximum solubility data are obtained in DMF at 313.15 K (0.3769 mol·mol–1). Polarity plays an important role in the solubility of TMBA in alcohol solvents. Three thermodynamic models including the λh model, the Yaws model, and the modified Apelblat model were selected to correlate the measured solubility data of TMBA. The maximum relative average deviation (RAD) and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values are no larger than 0.0387 and 0.00550, respectively. Furthermore, the modified Apelblat equation is best suited to correlate the solubility data of TMBA among the selected models of RAD and RMSD values less than 0.0262 and 0.00353, respectively. The solubility data are of guiding significance to the crystallization process of TMBA.