Acupoint Catgut Embedding Reduces Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery

Objective: Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) has been used safely for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to assess whether ACE can improve insulin resistance and promote rapid recovery after open cardiac surgery. Methods: A group of 200 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomly allocated to receive either ACE (ACE group) or sham ACE (SHAM group). The primary outcome of our trial was insulin resistance assessed 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to measure perioperative insulin resistance. Secondary outcomes included insulin, glucose, and inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8) levels; time to extubation; incidence of infection; time to first feces; acute kidney injury; incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); length of stay in the ICU; length of hospital stay; and other clinical parameters. Results: The ACE group had lower insulin, glucose, IL-6, IL-8, and HOMA-IR levels than the SHAM group one week after the operation. The incidence of infection, incidence of PONV, time to drain removal, and length of hospital stay significantly were lower in the ACE group than in the SHAM group. Conclusion: ACE can improve insulin resistance and promote rapid recovery after open cardiac surgery.