Simultaneous thermometry and magnetometry using a fiber-coupled quantum diamond sensor
Energy conservation and battery life extension are key challenges for the next-generation hybrid electric vehicles. In particular, the temperature and electric currents in a storage battery need to be monitored simultaneously with ∼1 kHz signal bandwidth for optimum battery usage. Here we introduce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied physics letters 2021-01, Vol.118 (3), Article 034001 |
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| creator | Hatano, Yuji Shin, Jaewon Nishitani, Daisuke Iwatsuka, Haruki Masuyama, Yuta Sugiyama, Hiroki Ishii, Makoto Onoda, Shinobu Ohshima, Takeshi Arai, Keigo Iwasaki, Takayuki Hatano, Mutsuko |
| description | Energy conservation and battery life extension are key challenges for the next-generation hybrid electric vehicles. In particular, the temperature and electric currents in a storage battery need to be monitored simultaneously with ∼1 kHz signal bandwidth for optimum battery usage. Here we introduce a centimeter-scale portable quantum sensor head, consisting of a diamond substrate hosting an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers with a density of ∼3 × 1017 cm−3. One diamond surface is attached to a multi-mode fiber for simultaneous optical excitation and readout of the NV centers, while the other diamond surface is attached to a coplanar microwave guide for NV spin ground-state mixing. Signal bandwidth of 1 kHz was realized through time-domain multiplexing of the two-tone microwave frequency modulation at 20 kHz. Two microwave frequencies were locked to the two resonance points that were determined from the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum. From the mean and the difference of the deviation from the two locked frequencies, the temperature and magnetic field were obtained simultaneously and independently, with sensitivities of 3.5 nT/Hz1/2 and 1.3 mK/Hz1/2, respectively. We also showed that our sensor reached a minimum detectable magnetic field of 5 pT by accumulating signals for over 10 000 s. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/5.0031502 |
| format | Article |
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In particular, the temperature and electric currents in a storage battery need to be monitored simultaneously with ∼1 kHz signal bandwidth for optimum battery usage. Here we introduce a centimeter-scale portable quantum sensor head, consisting of a diamond substrate hosting an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers with a density of ∼3 × 1017 cm−3. One diamond surface is attached to a multi-mode fiber for simultaneous optical excitation and readout of the NV centers, while the other diamond surface is attached to a coplanar microwave guide for NV spin ground-state mixing. Signal bandwidth of 1 kHz was realized through time-domain multiplexing of the two-tone microwave frequency modulation at 20 kHz. Two microwave frequencies were locked to the two resonance points that were determined from the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum. From the mean and the difference of the deviation from the two locked frequencies, the temperature and magnetic field were obtained simultaneously and independently, with sensitivities of 3.5 nT/Hz1/2 and 1.3 mK/Hz1/2, respectively. We also showed that our sensor reached a minimum detectable magnetic field of 5 pT by accumulating signals for over 10 000 s.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-6951</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1077-3118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0031502</identifier><identifier>CODEN: APPLAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>MELVILLE: Amer Inst Physics</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; Batteries ; Color centers ; Diamonds ; Electric vehicles ; Frequency modulation ; Hybrid electric vehicles ; Life extension ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic measurement ; Magnetic resonance ; Microwave frequencies ; Multiplexing ; Physical Sciences ; Physics ; Physics, Applied ; Quantum sensors ; Science & Technology ; Sensors ; Substrates ; Thermometry</subject><ispartof>Applied physics letters, 2021-01, Vol.118 (3), Article 034001</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2021 Author(s). 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In particular, the temperature and electric currents in a storage battery need to be monitored simultaneously with ∼1 kHz signal bandwidth for optimum battery usage. Here we introduce a centimeter-scale portable quantum sensor head, consisting of a diamond substrate hosting an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers with a density of ∼3 × 1017 cm−3. One diamond surface is attached to a multi-mode fiber for simultaneous optical excitation and readout of the NV centers, while the other diamond surface is attached to a coplanar microwave guide for NV spin ground-state mixing. Signal bandwidth of 1 kHz was realized through time-domain multiplexing of the two-tone microwave frequency modulation at 20 kHz. Two microwave frequencies were locked to the two resonance points that were determined from the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum. 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We also showed that our sensor reached a minimum detectable magnetic field of 5 pT by accumulating signals for over 10 000 s.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>Batteries</subject><subject>Color centers</subject><subject>Diamonds</subject><subject>Electric vehicles</subject><subject>Frequency modulation</subject><subject>Hybrid electric vehicles</subject><subject>Life extension</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetic measurement</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Microwave frequencies</subject><subject>Multiplexing</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics, Applied</subject><subject>Quantum sensors</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Thermometry</subject><issn>0003-6951</issn><issn>1077-3118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEtLxDAUhYMoOI4u_AcFVyrVm2bSpEsZfIHgwse2pO3NWJkmYx6K_95Ih3EhiKtwD9-5OfcQckjhjELJzvkZAKMcii0yoSBEziiV22QCSc7LitNdsuf9axp5wdiEPD_0Q1wGZdBGn4UXdIMdMLjPTJkuG9TCYFgL0fdmkalM9w26vLVxtcQue4vKhDhkXa8Gmywejbdun-xotfR4sH6n5Onq8nF-k9_dX9_OL-7ydsZEyLtWFVoILWYzkWLTSqKQFHUnS10JaDjqlgNyxjkASpCs0RUUUjeybDQCm5Kjce_K2beIPtSvNjqTvqyLmaiqdHVVJOp4pFpnvXeo65XrB-U-awr1d201r9e1JfZ0ZD-wsdq3PZoWN3zqrWRp53ceAJpo-X963gcVemvmNpqQrCejNblGfeN7t-4nUb3q9F_w7xO-AI5lnI8</recordid><startdate>20210118</startdate><enddate>20210118</enddate><creator>Hatano, Yuji</creator><creator>Shin, Jaewon</creator><creator>Nishitani, Daisuke</creator><creator>Iwatsuka, Haruki</creator><creator>Masuyama, Yuta</creator><creator>Sugiyama, Hiroki</creator><creator>Ishii, Makoto</creator><creator>Onoda, Shinobu</creator><creator>Ohshima, Takeshi</creator><creator>Arai, Keigo</creator><creator>Iwasaki, Takayuki</creator><creator>Hatano, Mutsuko</creator><general>Amer Inst Physics</general><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-5346</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-8531</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-0708</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3164</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-5726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-5447</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-6999</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-7718</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-095X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-2778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-4474</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-5927</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210118</creationdate><title>Simultaneous thermometry and magnetometry using a fiber-coupled quantum diamond sensor</title><author>Hatano, Yuji ; 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From the mean and the difference of the deviation from the two locked frequencies, the temperature and magnetic field were obtained simultaneously and independently, with sensitivities of 3.5 nT/Hz1/2 and 1.3 mK/Hz1/2, respectively. 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| subjects | Applied physics Batteries Color centers Diamonds Electric vehicles Frequency modulation Hybrid electric vehicles Life extension Magnetic fields Magnetic measurement Magnetic resonance Microwave frequencies Multiplexing Physical Sciences Physics Physics, Applied Quantum sensors Science & Technology Sensors Substrates Thermometry |
| title | Simultaneous thermometry and magnetometry using a fiber-coupled quantum diamond sensor |
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