The regulatory roles of yucca extract on the growth rate, hepato-renal function, histopathological alterations, and immune-related genes in common carp exposed with acute ammonia stress

The accumulation of ammonia in fish ponds regularly occurs in intensive aquaculture systems, and the inclusion of yucca extract is recognized as a practical solution to adsorb the waterborne ammonia. In this context, the study was planned to investigate the possible regulatory roles of yucca extract on the performances of common carp exposed to acute ammonia stress. Fish with similar initial weight were assigned to four groups (triplicates) where fish in the control group reared without ammonia exposure and without yucca treatment whereas the second group was exposed to ammonia (10 mg/L) without yucca treatment. The third group treated with yucca (0.75 mg/L) without ammonia while the fourth group exposed with ammonia and treated with yucca. The groups were named as the control, the ammonia, the yucca, and the ammonia/yucca. After 30 days, the growth performance, survival rate, total protein, albumin, and globulin of fish treated with yucca extract had the highest values (P