Zr doping and carbon coating endow NaTi2(PO4)(3) electrode with enhanced performances

NaTi2(PO4)(3) displays promising foreground in aqueous lithium ion battery as anode owing to good stability and open frame. However, the property for anode demands to be further ameliorated to satisfy higher requirement. Herein, Zr doping and carbon coating strategies were employed to promote performance of NaTi2(PO4)(3) electrode conjointly in aqueous lithium ion battery. NaTi2-xZrx(PO4)(3)/C (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) samples were prepared by sol-gel way. Zr doping and carbon coating together improve electrochemical performance of the materials. Zr doping at Ti position demonstrates no significant impact on morphology of composites. And it can significantly enhance electrochemical performance of NaTi2(PO4)(3)/C. NaTi1.9Zr0.1 (PO4)(3)/C (NC-Zr-10) presents the most attractive electrochemical property. NC-Zr-10 presents discharge capacity of 112.5, 102.7, and 94.1 mAh g(-1) at 0.2, 3.0, and 15 C, respectively, 41.0, 56.8, and 62.4 mAh g(-1) higher than those of the pristine sample. The improvement in electrochemical performance is probably due to that Zr doping accelerates Li ion intercalation/deintercalation by widening pathway, and carbon coating effectively promote the charge transfer of electrode. The study shows that Zr doping on Ti position and carbon coating are valid strategies to promote the electrochemical performance of NaTi2(PO4)(3). (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.