Objective Bayesian Prediction of Future Record Statistics Based on the Exponentiated Gumbel Distribution: Comparison with Time-Series Prediction

The interest in the study of record statistics has been increasing in recent years in the context of predicting stock markets and addressing global warming and climate change problems such as cyclones and floods. However, because record values are mostly rare observed, its probability distribution may be skewed or asymmetric. In this case, the Bayesian approach with a reasonable choice of the prior distribution can be a good alternative. This paper presents an objective Bayesian method for predicting future record values when observed record values have a two-parameter exponentiated Gumbel distribution with the scale and shape parameters. For objective Bayesian analysis, objective priors such as the Jeffreys and reference priors are first derived from the Fisher information matrix for the scale and shape parameters, and an analysis of the resulting posterior distribution is then performed to examine its properness and validity. In addition, under the derived objective prior distributions, a simple algorithm using a pivotal quantity is proposed to predict future record values. To validate the proposed approach, it was applied to a real dataset. For a closer examination and demonstration of the superiority of the proposed predictive method, it was compared to time-series models such as the autoregressive integrated moving average and dynamic linear model in an analysis of real data that can be observed from an infinite time series comprising independent sample values.