Physicochemical, Pharmacokinetic, and Toxicity Evaluation of Soluplus (R) Polymeric Micelles Encapsulating Fenbendazole

Fenbendazole (FEN), a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, suppresses cancer cell growth through various mechanisms but has low solubility and achieves low blood concentrations, which leads to low bioavailability. Solubilizing agents are required to prepare poorly soluble drugs for injections; however, these are toxic. To overcome this problem, we designed and fabricated low-toxicity Soluplus (R) polymeric micelles encapsulating FEN and conducted toxicity assays in vitro and in vivo. FEN-loaded Soluplus (R) micelles had an average particle size of 68.3 +/- 0.6 nm, a zeta potential of -2.3 +/- 0.2 mV, a drug loading of 0.8 +/- 0.03%, and an encapsulation efficiency of 85.3 +/- 2.9%. MTT and clonogenic assays were performed on A549 cells treated with free FEN and FEN-loaded Soluplus (R) micelles. The in vitro drug release profile showed that the micelles released FEN more gradually than the solution. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed lower total clearance and volume of distribution and higher area under the curve and plasma concentration at time zero of FEN-loaded Soluplus (R) micelles than of the FEN solution. The in vivo toxicity assay revealed that FEN-loaded Soluplus (R) micelle induced no severe toxicity. Therefore, we propose that preclinical and clinical safety and efficacy trials on FEN-loaded Soluplus (R) micelles would be worthwhile.