Transitions of microbial communities in the solid and liquid phases during high-solids anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste

[Display omitted] •HSAD with percolate recirculation was operated for methane recovery from OFMSW.•Microbial community structure successions in solid and liquid phases were studied.•Microbial community diversity decreased over batch operation.•Hydrogenotrophic archaea and ammonia-tolerant microbes were found to be dominant.•Dynamic changes in VFA/Alkalinity, TAN, and pH affected community shifts. This study presents a microbiological diagnosis of a mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) system with percolate recirculation. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in microbial diversity in both the solid digestate and the liquid percolate. Also, the digestate from the top and middle sections of the digester had similar diversity, whereas the digestate from the bottom of the tank had a slightly lower diversity. These results suggest that despite percolate recirculation, substrate gradients might have developed across the system. Archaeal communities showed shifts towards known hydrogenotrophic and ammonia-tolerant methanogens (genera Methanocelleus, Methanolinea, Methanosarcina, vadin CA11, etc.), which was a consequence of decreased volatile fatty acids and increased ammonia-nitrogen levels over time. Compared to initial solid and liquid inoculum, the relative abundances of some bacteria (phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) and archaea of the genus Methanosarcina changed between two phases in the opposite direction, indicating a shift of microbes between two phases.