The fungal elicitor AsES requires a functional ethylene pathway to activate the innate immunity in strawberry

Acremonium strictum Elicitor Subtilisin (AsES) is a fungal elicitor that activates innate immunity, conferring disease resistance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), Arabidopsis and other plant species. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the involvement of the ethylene (ET) signalling pathway in AsES‐mediated immune response in strawberry. Ethylene production and expression of the genes responsible for ET synthesis, perception and response were measured after AsES treatment. ROS (H2O2) accumulation and immunity induced by AsES were studied after ET perception was blocked by 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP). Biochemical and molecular results showed that AsES induced a marked increase in local and systemic biosynthesis of ET, both in a biphasic manner. Blocking of ET perception by 1‐MCP prior to AsES induction reduced production of ROS (H2O2) and prevented AsES from eliciting defence against fungal pathogens having different lifestyles, such as Botrytis cinerea (necrotrophic) and Colletotrichum acutatum (hemibiotrophic). These findings contribute to elucidate the mode of action of the novel elicitor subtilase, AsES, specifically regarding the role of ET signalling in the activation of plant innate immunity, in addition to the multitude of processes regulated by ET in plants. The novel protein elicitor AsES activates defense responses against Botrytis and Colletotrichum through the ethylene signaling pathway.