Vitamin D and stress urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a cross‐sectional study

Objective To assess the association between levels of vitamin D and urinary incontinence (UI) in pregnancy. Design A cross‐sectional study. Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Setting Two university hospitals in Norway. Population A total of 851 healthy, pregnant women >18 years in gestational weeks 18–22 with a singleton live fetus. Methods Data on UI were collected from a questionnaire at inclusion and serum analysis of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was performed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to study associations between exposure and outcomes. Main outcome measures Prevalence of self‐reported UI, stress (SUI) and urge (UUI) or mixed UI. Results In total, 230/851 (27%) of the participants were vitamin D insufficient (25(OH)D