Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by adjuvants after metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty

A 36-year-old Chinese woman underwent implantation of a metal hip prosthesis, the acetabular component consisting of a dome composed of an alloy of titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum fitted with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner (batch number: 10010133T; Suzhou Xinrong Medical, Suzhou, China). Hip osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis (A and B, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, original magnification ×100). [3] Conventional serological, imaging, and laboratory diagnostic methods were used to check for periprosthetic infection. 99Tcm triple-phase bone scanning and intra-operative neutrophil count by frozen section analysis was performed, but the results were negative.