Regulation of immune-driven pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease by gut microbiota

•T-cell-driven immunity and inflammation plays a role in PD pathogenesis.•α-syn acts as triggers of T-cell mediated immunity.•Gut microbiota triggers α-syn aggregation.•Gut microbiota regulates T-cell mediated immunity and inflammation.•Gut microbiota regulates the integrity of blood brain barrier. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most significant medical and social burdens of our time. The prevalence of PD increases with age and the number of individuals diagnosed with PD is expected to double from 6.9 million in 2015 to 14.2 million in 2040. To date, no drugs can stop the ongoing neurodegeneration caused by PD due to its unclear and complex pathogenic mechanisms. It has been wildly recognized that both gut microbiota and neuro-immunity are involved in the pathology of PD. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on how gut microbiota involved in immune-driven pathogenesis of PD, and its potential as a new target of dietary and/or therapeutic interventions for PD.