Auditory detection learning is accompanied by plasticity in the auditory evoked potential

•Training improved auditory detection, with specificity at a trained frequency.•Learning was accompanied by increases in auditory evoked potential amplitudes.•Learning was accompanied by increases in global field power. Auditory detection can improve with practice. These improvements are often assumed to arise from selective attention processes, but longer-term plasticity as a result of training may also play a role. Here, listeners were trained to detect either an 861-Hz or 1058-Hz tone (counterbalanced across participants) presented in noise at SNRs varying from -10 to -24 dB. On the following day, they were tasked with detecting 861-Hz and 1058-Hz tones at an SNR of -21 dB. In between blocks of this active task, EEG was recorded during passive presentation of trained and untrained frequency tones in quiet. Detection accuracy and confidence ratings were higher for trials at listeners’ trained, than untrained-frequency (i.e., learning occurred). During passive exposure to sounds, the P2 component of the auditory evoked potential (∼150 – 200 ms post tone onset) was larger in amplitude for the trained compared to the untrained frequency. An analysis of global field power similarly yielded a stronger response for trained tones in the P2 time window. These effects were obtained during passive exposure, suggesting that training induced improvements in detection are not solely related to changes in selective attention. Rather, there may be an important role for changes in the long-term neural representations of sounds.