The relationship between discretionary slack and growth in small firms

Discretionary slack, along with entrepreneurial orientation (EO), are vital to the growth and long-term survival of small firms. This research combines a Penrosian view of growth with structural contingency theory to develop and test a conceptual model of the relationship between slack and growth. Using a survey of Canadian firms with fewer than 50 employees, the study finds that discretionary slack has positive effect on growth which is fully mediated by EO. In addition, the analysis confirms a positive reciprocal effect of a feedback loop between growth and slack. The study controls for, and considers the effects of, firm age, size and industry knowledge intensity. This research contributes valuable insights for further development of firm growth theory, specifically in relation to small firms. The study is also important for policy development given that: a) small firms have the potential to contribute more than larger firms to job creation but may not due to early exit; b) firms exhibiting even modest growth more than double their chances of survival; and, c) those firms that survive grow fast. This study contributes to the literature on firm growth and informs small business leaders. It also provides policy makers with practical insights to facilitate their role in supporting the growth and survival of small firms that make such an important contribution to the economy.