Loss of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in elderly hemodialysis patients: a 2-year follow-up, prospective, single-centre study

Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) are established risk factors for fractures even in hemodialysis population and they seem to be significantly lower in comparison with general population. The aim of our study was to describe 2-year loss of BMD and TBS and their predictors in hemodialysis patients. Methods From 59 non-selected patients (mean age 67.6 ± 13.1 years) from one dialysis centre, treated with hemodiafiltration (HDF), clinical and laboratory characteristics were obtained and densitometry examinations (with BMD and TBS results) were performed initially and at the end of 2-year follow-up. Results Two-year decrease in BMD of lumbar spine reached 4.1% (ns), of proximal femur 9.1% ( p = 0.004), and of femoral neck 1.3% (ns). In the co-educated cohort, BMD decrease in all the sites correlated significantly with age and only the change of BMD of lumbar spine was negatively associated with serum calcium ( r = − 0.39; p = 0.04) and dialysis vintage ( r = − 0.387; p = 0.062), no other predictors of BMD loss were identified. Some predictors of BMD loss were identified with regard to gender. TBS decrease was 0.05 (3.9%; p = 0.03), and similarly, it was not predicted by any of selected parameters. No differences in BMD changes or TBS were observed between the patients with and without fractures. Conclusions In patients with HDF, significant BMD and TBS annual losses were observed, and they were associated only with age and (in BMD of lumbar spine) with serum calcium and dialysis vintage.