Robotic and laparoscopic hybrid pancreaticoduodenectomy： surgical techniques and early outcomes

In recent years, the use of minimally invasive surgery in pancreas has been gradually rising in importance. There has been growing interest in performing pancreatectomy by the laparoscopic approach. However, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy （LPD） is very complicated and difficult to control and requires surgeons to have a high level of laparoscopic skills. Since LPD provides no significant benefits in terms of blood loss, morbidity rate,