Recent Progress on Al2O3-C Refractories with Low/ultra-low Carbon Content:A Review

This work intends to provide a comprehensive review on the development of Al2O3-C refractories with low/ultra-low carbon content.It covers three parts:carbon materials,microstructure optimization of the refractory matrix by ceramic phases,and application of metal Al as raw material.Carbon black,expanded graphite,and ultrafine microcrystalline graphite,as price-competitive carbon materials,can be chosen to prepare the low-carbon Al2O3-C refractories after some special treatment.Ni/Co/Fe-catalyzed phenolic resin contributes to improving the properties of the low-carbon Al2O3-C refractories.The performance deterioration of the low-carbon Al2O3-C refractories can also be improved by in-situ formed or pre-synthesized ceramic phases.Metal Al,characterized by plasticity forming,acceleration of sintering,oxidation resistance,and high reactivity,can be used as raw materials to completely replace graphite,and the prepared resin bonded Al-Al2O3 based refractories are one novel development direction of the ultra-low carbon Al2O3-C refractories.