Numerical analysis on flow field of weld pool during deep penetration electron beam welding of titanium alloy

Flow field of weld pool during deep penetration electron beam welding of TA 15 titanium alloy was numerically and experimentally studied using a hybrid heat source of Gaussian surface heat source and rotational paraboloidal body heat source. And the formation mechanism of the weld pool flow field was analyzed. The results showed that the movement of the liquid metal in the top weld pool was the fiercest and weakened gradually in the middle and bottom of the weld pool. The maximum flow velocity of the liquid metal was about 0. 295 m/s in the top surface of weld pool. The primary driving forces of the movement of liquid metal in the weld pool were the recoil pressure of metal vapor and the surface tension.