Economic appraisal of shale gas resources, an example from the Horn River shale gas play, Canada

Development of unconventional shale gas resources involves intensive capital investment accompa- nying large commercial production uncertainties. Eco- nomic appraisal, bringing together multidisciplinary project data and information and providing likely economic outcomes for various development scenarios, forms the core of business decision-making. This paper uses a dis- counted cash flow （DCF） model to evaluate the economic outcome of shale gas development in the Horn River Basin, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Through numerical examples, this study demonstrates that the use of a single average decline curve for the whole shale gas play is the equivalent of the results from a random drilling process. Business decision based on a DCF model using a single decline curve could be vulnerable to drastic changes of shale gas productivity across the play region. A random drilling model takes those drastic changes in well estimated ultimate recovery （EUR） and decline rates into account in the economic appraisal, providing more information useful for business decisions. Assuming a natural gas well-head price of S4/MCF and using a 10 % discount rate, the results from this study suggest that a random drilling strategy （e.g., one that does not regard well EURs）, could lead to a negative net present value （NPV）; whereas a drilling sequence that gives priority to developing those wells with larger EURs earlier in the drilling history could result in a positive NPV with various payback time and internal rate of return （IRR）. Under a random drilling assumption, the breakeven price is S4.2/MCF with more than 10 years of payout time. In contrast, if the drilling order is strictly proportional to well EURs, the result is a much better economic outcome with a breakeven price below the assumed well-head price accompanied by a higher IRR.