The Gradient Estimate of a Neumann Eigenfunction on a Compact Manifold with Boundary

Let eλ（x） be a Neumann eigenfunction with respect to the positive Laplacian λ on a compact Riemannian manifold M with boundary such that A eλ = λ2eλ in the interior of M and the normal derivative of ex vanishes on the boundary of M. Let xλ be the unit band spectral projection operator associated with the Neumann Laplacian and f be a square integrable function on M. The authors show the following gradient estimate