新中国70年高等教育层次结构变革的回顾与反思

The hierarchical structure of higher education is the relationship and constitution of higher education with different degrees and requirements. In the past 70 years, the hierarchical structure of higher education in China has gone through the following stages: "rugby-shaped" structure with emphasis on undergraduate education, imbalanced stage, recovery and upgrading stage with emphasis on both ends of the higher education hierarchy, progressive transformation stage with "pyramid-shaped" structure, and connotative development stage. In the future, the reform of hierarchical structure of Chinese higher education system should focus on quality improvement, level convergence and structural optimization. To optimize the hierarchical structure of higher education, we should start from the construction of a mature "barn-shaped" structure, the innovation of school-running mode at all levels, the construction of "double first-class" key universities and the training of application-oriented talents