Super Typhoon Hinnamnor (2022) with a Record-Breaking Lifespan over the Western North Pacific

Super Typhoon Hinnamnor (2022) was a rare and unique western North Pacific typhoon, and throughout its lifespan, it exhibited all of the major features that pose current challenges in typhoon research. Specifically, during different stages of its lifespan, it experienced a sudden change of track, underwent rapid intensification, interacted and merged with another vortex, expanded in size, underwent rapid weakening, produced a strong cold wake, exhibited eyewall replacement, and underwent extratropical transition. Therefore, a timely identification and review of these features of Hinnamnor (2022), as reported in this article, will help update and enrich the case sets for each of these scientific issues and provide a background for more in-depth mechanistic studies of typhoon track, intensity, and structural changes in the future. We also believe that Hinnamnor (2022) can serve as an excellent benchmark to quickly evaluate the overall performance of different numerical models in predicting typhoon’s track, intensity, and structural changes.