Mechanism of tumor synthetic lethal-related targets

Synthetic lethality is becoming more and more important in the precise treatment of oncology. Malignant tumors caused by gene mutations involve a complex DNA signaling process, and inhibition of DNA signaling in different ways may more effectively control the occurrence and development of tumors. Inhibition of tumor paired lethal genes effectively kills tumor cells, and more and more novel drugs that inhibit tumors are developing in this direction. This article reviews the synthetic lethal theory and discusses selection of drugs to target mutated genes in common solid tumors. The synthetic lethal gene pairs, representative targeted drugs, and related characteristics of four tumor types: lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer, are systematically reviewed.