Layered double hydroxides: Scale production and application in soil remediation as super-stable mineralizer

[Display omitted] Soil contamination by heavy metals has presented severe risks to human health through food chain. As one of the most promising remediation technologies, in-situ immobilization strategy has been widely adopted in practice. However, considering the large quantities of contaminated soil, it is still a huge challenge to design low-cost amendments with strong and long-term immobilization ability. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have drawn tremendous attention in fundamental research and practical application because of their unique properties. Moreover, owing to its super-stable mineralization effect to heavy metal ions, LDHs have exhibited great potential in the field of soil remediation. In this work, we mainly focused on the scale production strategy of LDHs with low-cost, and its application in soil remediation. Besides, several key challenges in using LDHs as amendments for immobilization of heavy metal ions are presented. We hope that this mini-review could shed light on the sustainable development of LDHs as amendment for heavy metals in future research directions.