Collective Agreements and Equal Opportunities for Women and Disadvantaged Groups

Because of international differences in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies of companies, research into CSR has become more focussed on its institutional roots.¹ One of the institutions that has been relatively unexplored in CSR research is collective agreements. Only Ioannou and Serafeim have researched how labour unions affect CSR.² Using ratings from ASSET4³ for public companies in 42 countries, they found that union density stimulates both environmental and social CSR. The research of Ioannou and Serafeim does not, however, address which of the many social aspects that are included in the social dimension of CSR as constructed by ASSET4, are