Alternatives: Environmental and Indigenous Activism in the 1970s

Alternatives (also known as Alternatives Journal or A/J) was founded in 1971 as a “journal/magazine hybrid that would transform scholarly research into tangible ideas for community activism.”¹ Initially based at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, Alternatives grew out of the Peterborough affiliate of the Toronto-based activist organization Pollution Probe.² Notwithstanding its scholarly apparatus (in the early 1980s, Alternatives would move to the University of Waterloo and adopt peer review, and in 1995 it became the official journal of the Environmental Studies Association of Canada), the quarterly periodical has always served to bridge academic and activist communities and offers an important