CRIMINALISING CRITICAL SCHOLARSHIP: AUSTRIA’S INTELLIGENCE SERVICE AND ISLAMOPHOBIA STUDIES

The War on Terror led to the invention of a series of programmes that build on the imagination of threatening Muslim masculinity prone to violence and threatening the social and political order of Western states from the inside. In the wake of the infamous so-called War on Terror, the securitisation of Islam and Muslims became formally institutionalised in several countries around the globe. Following the UK and the Netherlands, several United Nations resolutions (2178, 2354 and 2396) were introduced to implement so-called Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) projects in the member states (Kundnani and Hayes 2018). With this, the notion of