Rhinovirus-induced wheeze was associated with asthma development in predisposed children

Aim This study explored whether early-life factors, such as rhinovirus-induced wheeze and allergic sensitisation, were related to asthma at 11 years of age. Methods We focused on 107 children aged 6–48 months, who attended the paediatric emergency department at Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, with acute wheeze in 2008–2012. They also attended follow-up visits at 11 years of age and were compared with 46 age-matched healthy controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with logistic regression. Results We found that 62.6% of the acute wheeze cases had asthma at 11 years of age. Rhinoviruses at inclusion were the only common airway viruses associated with an increased asthma risk (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.02–5.6). Other increased risks were parental heredity for asthma and/or allergies (adjusted OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1–9.9) and allergic sensitisation at 2 years of age (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.02–8.7). The highest prevalence of asthma was when children had both rhinovirus-induced wheeze at inclusion and allergic sensitisation at 7 years of age. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of hereditary factors and allergic sensitisation on the development of asthma and suggest that rhinoviruses are associated with asthma development in predisposed children.