Centrifugal force-based system for detection/treatment of membrane-encased structures

Membrane-encased structures such as biological cells, liposomes, and vesicles, are conveyed through one or more channels in a rotating disk for individual exposure to optical elements or to electrodes, for purposes of transfection or flow cytometry. The rotation of the disk serves either to provide centrifugal force to urge the cells against one wall of the channel and in certain embodiments to move the cells through the channels, or to draw cells at preselected times or intervals into the exposure zone, or all three.