Static random access memory (SRAM) and test method of the SRAM having precharge circuit to precharge bit line

An SRAM includes a memory cell and a precharge circuit. The precharge circuit precharges a bit line pair with a power supply voltage before writing a data in the memory cell or before reading a data therefrom at a time of a normal mode, and which feeds a power supply voltage to at least a low level data-holding node of a node pair of the memory cell at a time of a read test mode, between time for writing a data in the memory cell and time for reading a data therefrom.