Polyarylene, process for producing the same, solid polyelectrolyte, and proton-conductive film

A polyarylene having a structural unit shown by the following formula (1) is disclosed. wherein X and Y indicate a divalent organic group or a single bond, Z shows an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R represents at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, and a fluorine-substituted alkyl group, a is an integer of 1 to 20, n is an integer of 1 to 5, and p is an integer of 0 to 10.